Exfo PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer Manuel d'utilisateur Page 264
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Measurement Definitions
256 PSO-200
Measurements for Constellation Charts
Quadrature Error
Quadrature error appears when the I and Q channels are not operating
precisely at 90 degrees relative to each other. The quadrature error is
referenced to the average vector of the demodulated symbols:
where r =1..M (for M level signals) refers to the related symbol of the
normalized measured I and Q component. The quadrature error is
computed as the rms for all constellation symbols and expressed as the
angular deviation from the ideal 90 degrees, according to:
Quadrature error is not computed for binary modulation formats.
The following diagram illustrates a signal with quadrature error and the
corresponding ideal reference vectors:
S
avg
r
I
avg
r
Q
avg
r
1
N
----
I
meas
n()
n 1=
N
1
N
----
Q
meas
n()
n 1=
N
==
QE
r
90
1
2
---
I
avg
r
2
I
ref
2
–Q
avg
r
2
Q
ref
2
–+
I
ref
Q
ref
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acos–=
QE
rms
1
M
-----
QE
r
2
r 1=
M
deg=
- User Guide 1
- Optical Modulation Analyzer 1
- Contents 3
- Optical Modulation Analyzer v 5
- Conformity 7
- 1 Introducing the PSO-200 9
- IMPORTANT 11
- 2 Safety Information 13
- Electrical Safety Information 14
- Optical Modulation Analyzer 7 15
- 8 PSO-200 16
- Equipment Ratings 16
- Operation 16
- Storage 16
- 3 Getting Started with Your 17
- Analyzer Application 20
- 4 Setting Up the Optical 21
- Modulation Analyzer 21
- 14 PSO-200 22
- Configuring the Input Signal 22
- Setting File Autonaming 26
- Identifying Acquisitions 28
- Setting Analysis Parameters 30
- 26 PSO-200 34
- 28 PSO-200 36
- Locking the Remote Unit 39
- 5 Performing Acquisitions 41
- 34 PSO-200 42
- Saving Acquisitions to a File 43
- 36 PSO-200 44
- 6 Customizing the Graph and 47
- Data Layout 47
- 40 PSO-200 48
- Constellation Chart 49
- 42 PSO-200 50
- Eye Diagrams 51
- I/Q Eye Diagrams 52
- Phase Eye Diagram 52
- Magnitude Eye Diagram 53
- Intensity Eye Diagram 53
- 46 PSO-200 54
- NRZ-QPSK data 54
- Pattern Diagrams 55
- 7 Viewing and Analyzing 57
- 50 PSO-200 58
- Zooming and Moving Graphs 60
- 54 PSO-200 62
- Constellation charts 62
- (Persistence) 63
- Diagrams 63
- Using the Measurement Tables 64
- Using Graph Markers 66
- Horizontal histogram 69
- Histogram values 69
- Vertical histogram 69
- 62 PSO-200 70
- Sample QPSK (NRZ) 70
- Using Pattern Masks 72
- 66 PSO-200 74
- Constellation Mask (QPSK) 75
- 68 PSO-200 76
- Intensity Mask (NRZ 40G ITU) 76
- EVM Mask 77
- (Infinite, 10 ps) 78
- (1 burst, 5 ps) 79
- (infinite, 5 ps) 79
- Algorithms 80
- (after 20 bursts) 82
- Applying Data Filtering 84
- (Butterworth) 85
- Basic Gearbox Setup Details 88
- 3. Select the Gearbox tab 89
- 4. Select the Gearbox layout 89
- 5. Select the pattern length 89
- 82 PSO-200 90
- Exporting Symbol Patterns 91
- 84 PSO-200 92
- To import a symbol pattern: 93
- 2. Select the General tab 93
- 86 PSO-200 94
- Gearbox Streaming Types 96
- Dual (X-Y) streams 98
- 92 PSO-200 100
- Definition 100
- Symbol coordinates 100
- Definition Section 101
- Bit Symbol Mapping Section 102
- 96 PSO-200 104
- Symbol Coordinates Section 106
- 100 PSO-200 108
- Byte count 109
- 102 PSO-200 110
- Exporting Gearbox Setups 112
- 106 PSO-200 114
- 9 Post-Processing and 117
- Reanalyzing Data 117
- 110 PSO-200 118
- 112 PSO-200 120
- Exporting Data 121
- Clipboard 122
- Reverting to Original File 124
- 10 Maintenance 125
- 118 PSO-200 126
- Cleaning EUI Connectors 126
- 11 Troubleshooting 129
- Solving Phase Tracking Issues 130
- Viewing Online Help 130
- Viewing System Information 132
- Transportation 133
- 12 Warranty 135
- Exclusions 136
- Certification 136
- Service and Repairs 137
- 130 PSO-200 138
- A Technical Specifications 139
- B SCPI Commands Reference 141
- SCPI Commands Reference 142
- :MMEMory:LOAD:TRACe 146
- :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe 147
- :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe:DATA 148
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe 149
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe? 150
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt 151
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt? 152
- 146 PSO-200 154
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation 156
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation? 159
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe 162
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe? 163
- :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation 164
- :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation:UNIT? 166
- :SENSe:RECording:LENGth 167
- 160 PSO-200 168
- :SENSe:RECording:LENGth:UNIT? 169
- :INITiate 170
- :READ:DDEMod? 172
- :READ:DDEMod:DATA[n]? 173
- :READ:DDEMod:AVERage? 174
- 168 PSO-200 176
- Polarization: 176
- Name: 176
- 170 PSO-200 178
- 172 PSO-200 180
- 174 PSO-200 182
- 176 PSO-200 184
- 178 PSO-200 186
- 180 PSO-200 188
- 182 PSO-200 190
- Error Index: 190
- Vector Name: 190
- 184 PSO-200 192
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMe 194
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMe? 195
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATe 196
- :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATe? 197
- :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPe 198
- :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPe? 199
- 192 PSO-200 200
- :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer 202
- :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer? 203
- 196 PSO-200 204
- 198 PSO-200 206
- 200 PSO-200 208
- :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:SETup 210
- :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:SETup 211
- :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:STReam 212
- :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:STReam 215
- 210 PSO-200 218
- 212 PSO-200 220
- 214 PSO-200 222
- :MMEMory:LOAD:PATTern 223
- :MMEMory:STORe:PATTern 224
- :SENSe:DDEMod:LEARnpattern 225
- :SENSe:DDEMod:LEARnpattern? 226
- :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce: 227
- PHASecalibration 227
- PHASecalibration? 228
- 222 PSO-200 230
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:OFFSet 231
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:OFFSet? 232
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh 233
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh? 234
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES 235
- :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES? 236
- :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:ENABle 237
- :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:ENABle? 238
- :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL 239
- :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL? 240
- :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:ENCoding 241
- 234 PSO-200 242
- :SENSe:DDEMod:DEMX 243
- :SENSe:DDEMod:DEMX? 244
- :SENSe:DDEMod:IFAL 245
- :SENSe:DDEMod:IFAL? 246
- C Coherent Detection and 247
- Sampling Methods 247
- Real-Time Sampling 249
- Equivalent-Time Sampling 249
- 242 PSO-200 250
- Signal Processing Algorithms 252
- Polarization Demultiplexing 253
- Time-Base Reconstruction 253
- 246 PSO-200 254
- D Modulation Schemes 255
- Modulation Schemes 257
- QPSK 2 NRZ: NRZ: 257
- 16-QAM 4 258
- E Measurement Definitions 259
- 252 PSO-200 260
- Error Vector Magnitude 261
- Magnitude Error 261
- Phase Error 262
- IQ Gain Imbalance 262
- In-Phase Error 262
- Quadrature-Phase Error 263
- IQ Offset 263
- Quadrature Error 264
- Signal-To-Noise Ratio 265
- XY Imbalance 265
- Power Level 265
- Measurements for Eye Diagrams 266
- Contrast Ratio 267
- Crossing 267
- Duty Cycle 268
- Duty Cycle Distortion 268
- Extinction Ratio 269
- Eye Amplitude 269
- Eye Height 269
- Eye-Opening Factor 269
- Pulse Width 270
- Eye Width 270
- Rise Time and Fall Time 271
- Timing Jitter 272
- ₼⦌␂ℝ☀⹂䓸德棟Ⓟ䤓屓⸩ 283
- MARKING REQUIREMENTS 284
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